Dẫn nhập ngữ âm – Âm vị học: Tài liệu – Giáo trình – Bài tập lớn – Đề thi

Dẫn nhập Ngữ âm và Âm vị học tiếng Anh – Introduction to English Phonetics and Phonology

Học phần này cung ứng cho người học kỹ năng và kiến thức và khái niệm cơ bản về ngữ âm và âm vị học để nắm được những đặc trưng miêu tả về những lớp âm và những năng lực phối hợp của những thành viên của lớp âm cùng những biến thể theo những qui luật âm vị học trong cấu trúc âm tiết cũng như ở bậc đơn vị chức năng siêu đoạn tính khác. Cuối học phần, người học sẽ hoàn toàn có thể hiểu được thực chất cấu âm của những âm cùng sự tương tác của những bộ phận cấu âm trong quy trình tạo âm, đặc trưng âm học của những âm ; những năng lực phân bổ và năng lực tích hợp của những âm trong cấu trúc âm tiết ; và những biến thể phát âm của âm .

TỔNG HỢP TẤT-TẦN-TẬT: TÀI LIỆU PHONETICS & PHONOLOGY

BÀI TẬP LỚN KẾT THÚC HP HKII – Mã đề 001-CLC

Phonetics and Phonology Assignment

1. Airstream Mechanism

Fill in the blanks in the following passage with the words provided (some words may be used more than once):

voiced clicks ejectives velaric voiceless glottalic pulmonic plosives implosives

There are three principle airstream mechanisms : the ____________ airstream mechanism, the ____________ airstream mechanism, and the ____________ airstream mechanism. In normal utterances in all the languages of the world, the airstream is always flowing outward if the _______________ airstream mechanism is involved. Stops made with this mechanism are called ______________. The only mechanism that is used in some languages to produce some sounds with inward going air and some sounds with outward going air is the _____________ airstream mechanism. Stops made with this mechanism acting ingressively are called ____________. Stops made with this mechanism acting egressively are called ______________. The mechanism that is used in language to produce sounds only with inward going air is the __________ airstream mechanism. Stops made with this mechanism are called _____________. Stops may vary in their voice onset time. In this respect, [ b, d, g ] are _____________ stops, [ p, t, k ] are ________stops .

2. Phonetic description

Give the appropriate phonetic symbol in brackets for each of the sounds described below:

a ) voiceless velar stop [ ]
b ) voiced labiodental fricative [ ]

c) voiced palato-alveolar affricate [ ]

d ) voiced palatal glide [ ]
e ) voiced velar nasal [ ]
f ) voiceless interdental fricative [ ]

3. Phonetic description

Work out the vowel sound associated with each of the following descriptions. Supply its correct phonetic symbol and illustrate the vowel with a word in English. One example has been done for you.

a ) long ( tense ) high front unrounded [ ] heat
b ) short low central unrounded [ ] _____
c ) short high back rounded [ ] _____
d ) long mid-high back rounded [ ] _____
e ) long mid central ( slightly ) rounded [ ] _____

4.  Assimilation

Provide two phonetic transcriptions for each of the following examples, one which reflects the way you would say it in formal or careful speech style, the other the way you would say it in more rapid, casual speech style. Identify the assimilation process that occurs in the sound sequence.

1. Would you like it
Careful style :
Casual style :
Assimilation process :
2. A basket maker
Careful style
Casual style
Assimilation process :
3. A good cook
Careful style :
Casual style :
Assimilation process :

5. Stress

Stress in a sentence is used to emphasize important information in a sentence, usually Noun, Verb, Adjective & Adverb.

Look at the underlined word that receives the stress in each sentence, and tell what the speaker means. One example has been done for you. 

6.  Choose either Question A or Question B. Do NOT do both.

Question A

Consider the distribution of [r] and [l] in Korean in the following words:

[ rupi ] ‘ ruby ’ [ mul ] ‘ water ’
[ kiri ] ‘ road ’ [ pal ] ‘ big ’
[ saram ] ‘ person ’ [ soul ] / [ seul ] ‘ Seoul ’
[ irumi ] ‘ name [ ilkop ] ‘ seven ’
[ ratio ] ‘ radio ’ [ ipalsa ] ‘ barber ’

Are [r] and [l] two different phonemes or are they allophones of the same phoneme? State your reasons.

Question B

Consider the distribution of [p] and [pʰ] in the following words. Are they two different phonemes or are they allophones of the same phoneme? State your reasons.

spat [ sp và t ] pat [ pʰ và t ] lap [ l và p ]
spool [ spu : l ] pool [ pʰu : l ] stop [ stQp ]
speak [ spi : k ] peak [ pʰi : k ] steep [ sti : p ]

7. Analyze the syllable structure of the words: spring, little, doctor, structure.

8. Why do the rules for marking stress and intonation keep changing? Don’t we have any fixed rules?

Dẫn nhập ngữ âm – Âm vị học kết thúc học phần – Đề 002 – Đại trà

Phonetics and Phonology Assignment

Note: You may need to use these symbols for your assignment completion.

U V 3 : O : Q @ A : I i : và Í Ù T D S Z N

1. Human speech organs

In the spaces provided, fill in the names of the human speech organs numbered in the diagram.

Human Speech Organs

2. Description of consonants

Give the IPA symbol corresponding to the consonants underlined in the following words and provide the appropriate description for them. The first two have been done for you.

IPA Voiced or Place of Manner of
symbol voiceless articulation articulation
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Peter / p / voiceless bilabial stop
oven / n / voiced alveolar nasal
singing

this                 

chew
hall
haggis
funny
hedge
rough
fines
behind
seizure

3. Phonetic description

Work out the vowel sound associated with each of the following descriptions. Supply its correct phonetic symbol and illustrate the vowel with a word from English.

a ) long ( tense ) high front unrounded [ ] heat
b ) short low central unrounded [ ] _____
c ) short high back rounded [ ] _____
d ) long mid-high back rounded [ ] _____
e ) long mid central ( slightly ) rounded [ ] _____

4.  Assimilation

Provide two phonetic transcriptions for each of the following examples, one which reflects the way you would say it in formal or careful speech style, the other the way you would say it in more rapid, casual speech style. Identify the assimilation process that occurs in the sound sequence.

1. last year
Careful style :
Casual style :
Assimilation process :
2. red carpet
Careful style :
Casual style :
Assimilation process :
3. the green belt
Careful style :
Casual style :
Assimilation process :

5. Stress

 Stress in a sentence is used to emphasize important information in a sentence, usually Noun, Verb, Adjective & Adverb.

Look at the underlined word that receives the stress in each sentence, and tell what the speaker means. One example has been done for you. 

6.  Choose either Question A or Question B. Do NOT do both.

Question A

Consider the distribution of [r] and [l] in Korean in the following words:

[ rupi ] ‘ ruby ’ [ mul ] ‘ water ’
[ kiri ] ‘ road ’ [ pal ] ‘ big ’
[ saram ] ‘ person ’ [ soul ] / [ seul ] ‘ Seoul ’
[ irumi ] ‘ name [ ilkop ] ‘ seven ’
[ ratio ] ‘ radio ’ [ ipalsa ] ‘ barber ’

Are [r] and [l] two different phonemes or are they allophones of the same phoneme? State your reasons.

Question B

Consider the distribution of [p] and [pʰ] in the following words. Are they two different phonemes or are they allophones of the same phoneme? State your reasons.

spat [ sp và t ] pat [ pʰ và t ] lap [ l và p ]
spool [ spu : l ] pool [ pʰu : l ] stop [ stQp ]
speak [ spi : k ] peak [ pʰi : k ] steep [ sti : p ]

7. Analyze the syllable structure of the words: spy, apple, delight, convict.

8. What is Received Pronunciation in English? What is the difference between an accent and a dialect? Give examples to illustrate the points you make.

Dẫn nhập NA – AV – Phonetics & Phonology – Khoa Anh chuyên ngành- Mã đề 101

Question I. Write the phonetic symbol for that sound between the brackets below the appropriate drawing.

Instruction: For each drawing presented, there is only one consonant sound of English that could be produced by a vocal tract positioned as shown; you are to figure out which consonant sound is represented (either by referring to the descriptions of different sounds or by experimenting with your own vocal tract-some of each is recommended). Be sure that you take into account the voicing, manner, and place of articulation of each sound. Note that voicing is shown by two wavy or bumpy lines (representing vocal fold vibration) where the larynx would be, whereas voiceless sounds are represented by two lines shaped like an ellipse at the larynx level, indicating an open glottis. Take care also to note whether the air passage to the nasal cavity is open or closed (i.e., if the velum is lowered or raised).

Mã đề 101

Question II. Write a summary of PHONOLOGY. Your summary should include the following points:

• the domain of phonology
• the basic elements used to make up the phonological patterns
• the differences between the phoneme and the allophone
• the internal structure of a syllable

Dẫn nhập NA – AV – Phonetics & Phonology – Khoa Anh chuyên ngành- Mã đề 102

Question I. Write the phonetic symbol for that sound between the brackets below the appropriate drawing.

Instruction: For each drawing presented, there is only one consonant sound of English that could be produced by a vocal tract positioned as shown; you are to figure out which consonant sound is represented (either by referring to the descriptions of different sounds or by experimenting with your own vocal tract-some of each is recommended). Be sure that you take into account the voicing, manner, and place of articulation of each sound. Note that voicing is shown by two wavy or bumpy lines (representing vocal fold vibration) where the larynx would be, whereas voiceless sounds are represented by two lines shaped like an ellipse at the larynx level, indicating an open glottis. Take care also to note whether the air passage to the nasal cavity is open or closed (i.e., if the velum is lowered or raised).

Mã đề 102

Question II. Write a summary of PHONOLOGY. Your summary should include the following points:

• the domain of phonology
• the basic elements used to make up the phonological patterns
• the differences between the phoneme and the allophone
• the internal structure of a syllable

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