Business_partner_B1_plus_workbook - PDFCOFFEE.COM - EU-Vietnam Business Network (EVBN)

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Unit 1 Vocabulary 1 1 heads 2 take care 3 running 4 report 5 responsible 6 journalist 7 actor 2 1b 2c 3c 4a 5b 6b 3 1 Bureaucracy 2 hierarchy 3 promotion 4 innovative 5 decentralised 6 centralise

Grammar 1 1 f, g 2 b, d 3 a, c 4 e, h 2 1 I won’t be in the office on Tuesday. 2 Are you going to the meeting later? 3 We’re visiting the conference centre next week. 4 I think Lamar is going to get a promotion soon. 5 We don’t have to leave early on Monday. 6 Our flight won’t leave on time in this weather. 7 Faiza will chair the meeting on Thursday. 8 The conference isn’t going to finish until late. 3 1 is going – plan/arrangement 2 ’s going to drive – personal intention 3 have – plan/arrangement 4 is going to be – prediction 5 starts – a scheduled event 6 Are you going to come – personal intention 7 have – plan/arrangement

Reading 1 1 F – … Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), or Doctors without Borders, was founded in 1971. 2 T – In the beginning, there were only thirteen doctors and journalists. … including the thirteen original founders. 3 F – The following year (1975), MSF assisted in its first refugee crisis, … 4 T – During the 70s, there were problems for the MSF staff on the ground; there was little preparation before staff set off on a mission; doctors had little support and supply lines were not reliable. 5 F – The organisation employs … and include logisticians, heads of fundraising, coordinators, managers and accountants. 6 F – He or she [the manager] must also ensure that projects don’t go over budget. 7 F – The coordinator develops and implements training programmes … 2 1 b – By 1972 there were 300 volunteers, including the thirteen original founders. In that year, MSF’s first task … 2 b – The following year MSF assisted in its first refugee crisis, helping Cambodians who had fled their country. 3 d – … there were no humanitarian logisticians … 4 b – The manager and coordinator train volunteers to do their jobs. 5 d – The coordinator develops and implements training programmes … 6 b – The coordinator develops and implements training programmes and is responsible for making travel arrangements and arranging meetings.

Functional language 1 1d 2c 3f 4a 5g 6e 7b 2 1 Can I take your coat 2 Can I get you something to drink 3 Is it your first time in the Mexico office 4 When did you join the company 5 Where are you based 6 Do you work with Beena 7 Do you report to Charu Patel

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8 Are you free for dinner this evening

Writing 1 1 Madam 2 inform 3 Further 4 After 5 hesitate 6 questions 7 sincerely 2 1D 2B 3A 4E 5C 3 Model answer Good morning Amalia, Thank you for your email regarding the Digital Marketing conference. There are six people attending, so you are all going by train. My PA is booking the tickets this afternoon and they can be collected from the ticket office at the central station. As there are six people from this company going, most of the workshops can be attended. I would like you to attend those which outline new marketing strategies, please. I look forward to receiving your report on your return. Regards, Eleni

Unit 2 Vocabulary 1 1 image 2 base 3 growth 4 engagement 5 approach 6 history 7 venture 8 loyal 2 1 brand stretching 2 core business 3 devalue 4 product placement

5 loyalty 6 ultra-luxury 7 interactive marketing 3 1 product placement 2 brand stretching 3 interactive marketing 4 core business 5 devalue 6 loyalty 7 ultra-luxury

Grammar 1 1 First of all – For instance is usually followed by an example. 2 but – contrasts what has happened with what is happening now; and adds information. 3 For example – it is followed by an example; However contrasts information. 4 and – adds information; but contrasts it. 5 Although – contrasts information; In addition adds to information given already. 6 as well as – adds ideas; to start with begins a sequence of ideas. 7 In addition – adds information; for instance is followed by an example. 8 However – contrasts information and ideas; also adds information and ideas. 2 1 b – but contrasts ideas. 2 g – when contrasts information. 3 h – as well as adds information. 4 d – while contrasts ideas. 5 e – although contrasts information. 6 c – and sequences ideas. 7 a – however contrasts information. 8 f – in addition adds information. 3 1 a – contrasting information 2 a – contrasting information 3 b – also adds information; although introduces contrasting information. 4 b – then sequences information; for instance introduces an example. 5 b – First of all sequences information; For instance introduces an example. b – Although contrasts information; Recently refers to time. 7 a – but contrasts information; for example introduces an example. 8 b – In addition adds information; Such as introduces an example.

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Listening 1 1 F – It’s not often that I am invited to give a talk on the radio, so I am delighted to be here. 2 F – Having said that, the business has expanded … to include tops made from cotton, merino wool, cashmere and silk … 3 T – I began to knit and design jumpers for myself when I was about thirteen. 4 T – I sold them in local boutiques … 5 F – I needed to learn business skills, so I enrolled on a course. 6 T – … She wore my tops in her TV series and so I had product placement … It’s great publicity! 7 T – I was tempted to stop hand-knitting the jumpers, but realised that this wasn’t a good idea as they would no longer be unique. 8 F – … I hope to retire somewhere nice and cool where I can wear my woolly jumpers. 2 1 b – The name is misleading now: the brand has grown to include tops made from cotton, merino wool, cashmere and silk. 2 a – I couldn’t believe that my tops were so popular. 3 b – The jumpers sold themselves because each one is original. 4 c – I was selling the garments in the States and the UK. 5 d – Many clients have since written to say that they never buy any other tops but mine … it was then I realised that brand loyalty is really very important. 6 d – We’re looking into a software package that will take care of it. 7 c – I’m planning to retire in a few years’ time so that’s something to concentrate on. 3 c

Functional language 1 1 tried 2 afraid 3 important 4 would 5 should 6 able 2 1 talk 2 to take 3 working

4 to give 5 do 6 to reschedule 7 to spend 3 1c 2e 3b 4d 5f 6a

Writing 1 1 delighted 2 held 3 invited 4 collaboration 5 confirm 6 forward 7 regards 2 1 Thank you 2 the invitation 3 I’m afraid 4 be unable 5 I hope 6 best regards 3 Model answer Dear Mr Schmidt, Thank you very much for the invitation to the opening ceremony for your new conference facilities. My partner and I would be delighted to accept your invitation. We very much look forward to seeing you. Kind regards, Victor Kreuz

Unit 3 Vocabulary 1 1 employers 2 jobseekers 3 stand out from 4 be of value to 5 come across well 6 clichéd

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2 1 internship 2 employer 3 competition 4 jobseekers 5 communication 6 motivation

3 Please tell me why you left your previous job. 4 I’d like to know more about your responsibilities in your last job. 5 I need to ask if you would consider applying for an internship. 6 I wonder if you could say more about your ambitions. 7 Could you tell me if you would emigrate for the job? 8 I’d like you to tell me about your leadership experience.

3 1 recruiter 2 flexible 3 character 4 position 5 internship 6 skill F M S E R T K L R O I

H J O P L K E E E T N

F S A C B U I M C W T

Reading C H A R A C T E R K E

F J D E B N M V U E R

K H U P O S I T I O N

M P O F V K L C T D S

V F L E X I B L E Z H

A D F G K L L S R O I

X E T Y R L N A Y L P

Grammar 1A 1D 2I 3D 4I 5D 6D 7I 8I 1B 1 I’d like to know if you are prepared to move if you get this job. 2 What did you like most about your last job? 3 Can you tell me why you applied for this job? 4 Have you worked abroad? 5 Could you tell me how you found out about this job? 6 I’d like to know why you left your last job. 7 Who do you admire most in your present company? 8 What do you think your main weakness is? 2 1 Could you tell me a little more about yourself? 2 I’d like to know how many years you worked for your last employer.

1 1 E – It can be quite scary … there are several useful tips that jobseekers can follow. 2 A – mould your experience to fit the job description … Play up the skills you have that are needed for the job. 3 C – Find out as much as you can about the company you are applying to. 4 D – Think about the questions you could ask in your interview. 5 F – Don’t lie. 6 B – the more you can demonstrate how eager you are … 2 1a 2b 3c 4a 5b 6a 7c

Functional language 1 Clarifying / Exploring 3, 5 Summarising / Paraphrasing 1, 10 Checking understanding 7, 9 Correcting 4, 8 Giving feedback 2, 6 2 1e 2b 3d 4a 5f 6c

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3 1 Thank you for your time today. 2 Could you tell me more about the training programme? 3 I haven’t had that exact experience. 4 Can I speak to some of the people I would be working with? 5 I look forward to hearing from you 6 That’s a good question.

Writing 1 1 vacancy 2 advertised 3 enclosed 4 degree 5 confident 6 experience 7 asset 8 grateful 2 Model answer Dear Ms Arshad, I am writing to apply for the position of Marketing Manager advertised on your website. I hold a master’s degree in International Marketing. I have been working as a Marketing Manager for the last three years, as you can see from my CV. I run a very successful international marketing team and divide my time between leading my team at the main office and travelling to our key markets. I feel that I have all the qualities you require in a successful candidate. I have very innovative ideas to offer and a good track record of putting them into practice. I am a confident public speaker and provide excellent presentations. I now feel the need to face new challenges and responsibilities. I believe that the job you have advertised would suit my skills and abilities. I would very much appreciate the opportunity to meet with you and learn more about the role. I look forward to hearing from you in the near future. Thank you for taking the time to read my letter. Yours sincerely,

Unit 4 Vocabulary 1 1 takeover 2 opportunities 3 product 4 strategies

5 major 2 1b 2b 3d 4a 5a 3 1 expand 2 profitable 3 development 4 acquire 5 succeed 6 growth 7 merger 8 risky 9 failure

Grammar 1 1 should – It is a good idea to do this. 2 must – It is necessary to do this. 3 don’t have to – It isn’t necessary to do this. 4 mustn’t – This is not allowed/permitted. 5 should – It is a good idea to do this. 6 must – It is necessary to do this. 7 mustn’t – This is not allowed/permitted. 8 don’t have to –It isn’t necessary to do this. 2 1 have to – will isn’t used with modal verbs. It is necessary to do this. 2 don’t have to – should is used for something that is a good idea. It isn’t necessary to do this. 3 shouldn’t – It’s not a good idea to do this. 4 mustn’t – This is not allowed/permitted. 5 should – It’s a good idea. 6 have to – will isn’t used with modal verbs. It is necessary to do this. 7 should – It is a good idea to do this. 8 mustn’t – This is not allowed/permitted. 3 1 don’t have to – It isn’t necessary to do this. 2 must – It is necessary to do this. 3 have to – It is necessary to do this; will isn’t used with must or should. 4 shouldn’t – It isn’t necessary to do this. 5 have to – This has the same meaning as must; will isn’t used with modal verbs. 6 must – It is necessary to do this. 7 should – It’s a good idea to do this. 8 mustn’t – It isn’t allowed/permitted to do this.

Answer key

Reading

Writing

1 1 D – The first sentence says these are not strategy; ‘either’ refers back to the first example of what is not strategy. 2 F – After saying what is not strategy, this sentence gives a definition of it. The following sentence repeats ‘unique value’. 3 A – This opening sentence continues to define what value is. 4 E – But contrasts with the fact that the company is small and yet its operating margin of over 15% is exceptionally high among Japanese manufacturers. 5 C – A continuation of the previous paragraph: it is successful. Also, the topic of babies is linked to the following sentence. 6 B – Topic sentence which introduces a new theme. The following sentence then echoes the word market.

1 1 Due 2 has led 3 so 4 have resulted in 5 As a result 6 because 7 resulting in 8 In order to

2 1 T – … the term is somewhat mysterious 2 F – It should aim to provide unique value. 3 F – But managers’ biggest responsibility is to draw up a blueprint for building a distinct corporate identity. 4 F – But its operating margin of over 15% is exceptionally high among Japanese manufacturers. 5 T – … Pigeon’s sales have risen by about 50% over the past five years, thanks to rapid growth overseas. 6 T – ‘We owe our success to many failures in the past.’ 3 c

Functional language 1 1 A anything, B fine 2 A hand, B Could 3 A Would, B offering 4 A Let, B appreciate 5 A like, B mind 2 1 exactly 2 How about 3 pick up 4 building on 5 doable 6 sense 7 not sure 8 take this on

2 Model answer Report on Current Problems Our supermarket chain has faced considerable problems this year. This report aims to outline the main ones. Main Problems and Reasons Our sales figures have fallen considerably. Our current poor financial outlook is mainly due to the national economic recession. New government policies and taxes are making it difficult for businesses. Therefore, there will have to be some store closures and, as a consequence, the loss of a number of jobs. Moreover, we are now faced with more competition from discount stores which are offering consumers prices which we cannot compete with. This has led to a loss of revenue. However, it is our belief that these customers will return once the novelty of discounted food has worn off. The third factor in the downturn is that unemployment levels have increased recently. Technical advances have meant that there is less need for manual labour. As a result, people have less money to spend at our stores. This, in turn, has had an adverse effect on our sales figures.

Unit 5 Vocabulary 1 1 Congestion 2 drones 3 transport 4 damaged 5 retailers 6 packages 7 collection locker 2 1 collect 2 operate 3 logic

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4 delivery 5 transport 6 automate 7 distribute 8 manufacture 9 robotics Hidden word: logistics

Grammar 1 1 was packed 2 will be packed 3 are delivered 4 will be delivered 5 have been delivered 6 was developed 7 will be developed 8 has been developed 9 are done 10 were done 11 have been done 2 1 have already been loaded 2 has just been read 3 hasn’t been finished yet 4 have already been given 5 been booked yet 6 has just been added 7 has already been sent 3A 1A 2P 3A 4A 5P 6A 7P 3B 1 will be presented 2 have written 3 hasn’t been delivered 4 can be done 5 manufactures 6 won’t be completed 7 finish

Listening 1 b

2 1 exciting 2 countryside 3 fulfilment 4 safety risk 5 multiple 6 popcorn 3 1e 2d 3b 4a 5c

Functional language 1 1 I completely agree with you. 2 I’m not sure that’s a good idea. 3 I don’t agree at all. 4 That’s one way of looking at it. 5 Good thinking. 6 That would be a good solution. 2 1 Good to see 2 Are you well 3 What I’d like to 4 I’d like to hear 5 My proposal would be 6 How does that 7 Just to clarify 3 1c 2b 3a 4d

Writing 1 1d 2a 3c 4e 5b 2 Model answer Re: order #6957 20 office chairs Dear Sirs, We ordered twenty office chairs from your company on 6th June on the understanding that they would be delivered by 20th June. You assured us that this

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would be arranged and we would have delivery on time. However, they still have not been received. We have contacted you by email, but have not had a response yet. Also, we have been unable to make contact with your customer service department by phone. We have left messages to which we have yet to receive a response. As we are long-standing customers of yours, we are very surprised at this lack of response. We are now requesting that the chairs be delivered immediately or receive an explanation as to why this is not possible. I must inform you that if you do not respond to this letter immediately, we will be forced to cancel the order and an order will be placed with another supplier. However, we sincerely hope that this situation can be resolved. We look forward to your prompt response. Purchasing manager

Unit 6 Vocabulary 1 1 target market 2 set up 3 crowdfunding 4 profit 5 start-up 6 pitch 7 go out of business 8 business angel 2 1 entrepreneurial 2 invest 3 finance 4 financial 5 advice/advisor 6 fund 7 growth 8 found 3 1 entrepreneurial 2 investment 3 financial 4 advice 5 funding 6 growth 7 investor 8 founder

Grammar 1 1 asked Anna if/whether she had finished preparing her presentation – We often use ask if/whether, then change the verb tense. Here the Present Perfect changes to the Past Perfect. 2 asked (me) what time I wanted to break for lunch the next/following day – me, the object, can be added in indirect speech, however, it is not always necessary; tomorrow changes to the next/following day; want in the present tense changes to the Simple Past. 3 asked (me) if/whether I wanted to meet there on Friday – if/whether is used in reported questions; here becomes there in reported speech; the verb, want, changes from the Present Simple to the Past Simple. 4 asked (me) how I like/liked my coffee – You could use either like as it remains true or liked (Past Simple) for reported speech depending on the situation. 5 said that she had studied Economics at university – change the Past Simple to Past Perfect. 6 said that our/their meeting had been postponed – we use our or their depending on who’s meeting it was; Present Perfect Simple tense becomes Past Perfect Simple. 7 said that we/they had spoken on the phone on Tuesday – we often change the person to the pronoun and the adverbs of time and place when we change from direct speech to reported speech; Past Simple changes to Past Perfect. 8 asked (me) if/whether I enjoyed/enjoy my work – we use ask if/whether to report questions; we can use either enjoy as it remains true or enjoyed because the verb changes from Present Simple to Past Simple; you and your becomes I and my. 2 1 ‘I’m going to Paris next week,’ he said. – He becomes I and the following becomes next in direct speech. The Past Simple tense changes to the Present Simple in direct speech. 2 ‘Will you be launching the new product soon?’ asked Shazia. – Would becomes will in direct speech. 3 ‘Violetta will be taking over from Kasper,’ the Director said. – the Past Simple becomes the Present Simple. 4 ‘The new e-commerce manager will be starting work on Monday,’ he said. – Future tense would changes to will. 5 ‘I’ll meet you tomorrow,’ our client said. – The next day becomes tomorrow and I replaces she,

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me changes to you. Would becomes will in direct speech. 6 ‘I met the designer yesterday,’ Carol said. – Carol changes to I and the day before changes to yesterday in direct speech. 7 ‘I started my business in 2012,’ the entrepreneur said. – The entrepreneur becomes I and as the statement is still true, the tense doesn’t change. 8 ‘Can you help me set up the room for the meeting?’ I asked (the secretary). – If is unnecessary in direct speech, and could becomes can.

Listening 1 1 F – Linda is the CEO of Ensign. 2 T – I’ve always been fascinated by the sea and marine life and school biology lessons reinforced that, so I decided that I wanted to become a marine biologist. 3 F – I took a year off to volunteer on a Greek island protecting loggerhead turtles. 4 T – So was it this experience that made you want to clean up the water? – Yes, that’s right. 5 T – Tina had been reading about crowdfunding and suggested we try it. 6 T – … we tried academic institutions, but they just weren’t interested … they said that our idea wouldn’t work. 7 F – We are making a profit and enough money to pay ourselves good salaries. 8 F – … we have a PA and an engineering assistant for Tina. We outsource other tasks. We don’t employ someone to do our accounts, for example. 2 1 marine waste 2 seas 3 knowledge 4 degrees 5 academic 6 media sites 7 angel 8 two years 9 profit 10 PA, assistant 3 B A is incorrect because Linda had always been interested in the sea and the creatures that live in it and she didn’t say that she wanted to be an engineer. C is incorrect because Tina, not Linda, designed and built the system. The idea came to Linda while

she was on a Greek island protecting loggerhead turtles. She didn’t study engineering. Ms. Carlin is Linda’s business angel. The company specialises in waste management.

Functional language 1 1 aware 2 appreciate 3 understand 4 ask 5 say 6 sound 7 have 8 concerns 2 1 next part 2 hand over 3 a significant 4 details 5 show you 6 notice 7 chart 8 interesting

Writing 1 c 2 The speaker said that she was the granddaughter of Silvana Medici, who had sadly died before she was born. She said that her grandmother had been an amazing woman who had begun her catering business way back in the 1950s as a means of earning some extra cash for her children. Her husband had been injured in the war and had died. 3 Model answer The speaker’s grandmother began a catering business in the 1950s, because she needed money for her children as her husband had died of an injury sustained in the war. Before the war, she had worked as a cook in people’s houses, but after the war, there were fewer jobs for servants. She needed to earn money and needed a job to support her children. She decided to use her culinary skills and began her business by making popular cakes, preserves, and later desserts. Local shops and hotels started to make regular orders, then soon enough a retailer offered her a job. She accepted and never looked back.

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Unit 7

6 was already living – Past Continuous for a continuous action in the past interrupted by another action 7 worked – Past Simple for a completed action in the past

Vocabulary 1 1 nuances 2 fluent 3 come across 4 alone 5 widely used

3 1 a – Past Simple for completed action in the past 2 b – tense agreement: Past Continuous for an action that was in progress in the past 3 c – tense agreement: Past Perfect for an action completed before another action in the past 4 a – tense agreement: Past Simple for an action completed in the past

2 dis- dishonest, disrespectful im- impolite in- indirect, informal un- unkind, unreserved, unsociable

Reading

3 D I S H O N E S T A S D U G J

I R D G H U U S B E F J N E I

S A F G H I N O V I G O F W M

R D A H I S S I N D I R E C T

E F B I N H O F S A S G S C T

S E D E F E C K J F A U G H I

P R E R O R I I D H C N N K M

E T Y T R L A E J Y V F P I P

C Y N M M O B T P S H R O L O

T U M I A B L R U N K I N D L

F K L O L N E S E V I E S R I

U N R E S E R V E D U N R I T

L P O R D E S D A C S D N Y E

L O U U N H E L P F U L U N A

H P O L K U N T V E A Y Z O G

Grammar 1 1 was discovering 2 had discovered 3 travelled 4 had travelled 5 forgot 6 were forgetting 7 was living 8 had lived 2 1 held – Past Simple for a completed action in the past 2 taught – Past Simple for a completed action in the past 3 learned – Past Simple for a completed action in the past 4 was studying – Past Continuous for an action that was in progress in the past when it was interrupted by another action 5 hadn’t travelled – Past Perfect for an action that happened before a past event

1 A4 B1 C3 D5 E2 2 1 alienated 2 encounter 3 annoy 4 colleagues 5 enthusiasm 6 explore 7 host 3 c

Functional language 1 1 keen 2 would 3 mind 4 were 5 prefer 6 is 2 1 to finalise 2 delaying 3 were 4 to let 5 rely 5 making 7 to communicate 8 to make

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3 1d 2g 3e 4a 5f 6c 7h 8b

Writing 1 a 2 1 obvious 2 essential 3 advise 4 would 5 suggest 3 Model answer Recently it has become obvious that there are cross-cultural differences in some of our overseas teams, causing misunderstandings and affecting workflow and deadlines. In some of our offices we have colleagues working from several different cultures. They generally only visit the overseas offices for a short period so there isn’t enough time for them to become fully familiar with each other’s methods of working, which are often influenced by their cultural background. We advise that you try to pair members of staff together from different cultures to work closely on projects together. This will enable them to get to know their colleagues and understand their cultural differences. We would also recommend that your arrange cross-cultural training as soon as possible. This can be resourced outside the company and there are many training providers which specialise in this. It is essential that everyone tries to work together to overcome this issue and for that reason we recommend you put these steps into effect immediately. If these recommendations do not have the desired effect, we suggest that you appoint a member of staff with a cross-cultural background to oversee any projects affected. He or she can then implement a suitable cross-cultural workflow.

Unit 8 Vocabulary 1 1 delegate 2 responsibility 3 prioritise 4 team 5 win 6 task 2 1 trust (trust a person, prioritise things) 2 responsibility (be responsible for, make decisions and delegate) 3 team (build a team, do a task) 4 decisions (key decisions – collocation) 5 set (set goals – collocation) 6 give (give instructions – collocation) 7 standard (collocation – high standard) 8 constructive (constructive feedback – collocation) 3 1 A good manager knows when to delegate tasks. 2 As a manager you have to cope with running your department. 3 A manager must be able to make key decisions. 4 It’s important for a new manager to gain respect. 5 You need to set goals and work towards them. 6 If we make an effort, we can complete the project on time.

Grammar 1 1f 2b 3e 4c 5g 6d 7a 2 1 where – D 2 who – ND 3 when – D 4 whose – ND 5 that – D 6 when – D 7 whose – ND

Answer key

3 1 who 2 whose 3 when 4 whose 5 which 6 when 7 who 8 where

Listening 1 Type 1: 1b 2a 3b 4b 5a Type 2: 1a 2a 3a 4b 5b Type 3: 1a 2a 3a 4b 5a 2 Speaker 1: Democratic Speaker 2: Delegative Speaker 3: Authoritarian

Functional language 1 1 saying is that 2 in future if 3 could have asked 4 I don’t think 5 really impressed with 6 good that you 7 your responsibility 8 very good job 2A 1c 2e 3a 4h 5b 6g 7f

8d 2B 1b 2e 3a 4d 5c 6a 7b 8e

Writing 1 1 inform 2 consensus 3 agreed 4 know 5 announce 2 Model answer From: Juan Blunt CEO To: All managers Subject: Board meeting decision This is to inform you of the decisions made at yesterday’s board meeting about our export department and its future. First of all, we agreed to open more overseas offices in the countries we export to. This should take the pressure off our Export Manager. We made this decision because of our rapid growth in this area. The offices will initially be staffed by managers in our headquarters until we can recruit local managers who are familiar with the various locations. Secondly, we finally reached a consensus regarding the training programmes we need to implement. We have decided that all senior managers should be given language courses as needed in the languages they will be liaising in. We would ideally like to appoint native speakers of the languages, but for the moment we are limited in what we can do. As this is a matter of urgency, training will start next month. Our final decision was to appoint Consuela Martinez as National Sales Manager to take over from Mr Branch who is leaving the company next month.

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Pronunciation Unit 1 1 A audit, finance, payroll B glamorous, invoicing, quality C ensure, event, supply D financial, promotion, recruitment E environment, immediate., priorities 3 1 ooO 2 Oo 3 oOo 4 Ooo 5 Ooo 6 ooOoo 7 oooOo 8 oooOoo 9 ooOo 10 Oooo 5 1 Which countries have you worked in? 2 Did you have a good journey? 3 Are you going to the conference? 4 How’s business at the moment? 5 Which hotel are you staying in? 6 What are your plans for tomorrow? 7 What time do you have to leave? 8 Have you got any questions? 9 Is there anything I can help you with? 10 Will you be at the meeting next week?

Unit 2 1 1b 2a 3c 4b 5b 6c 7c 8c 5 1 Originally, | the global luxury industry moved only from west to east. 2 Traditionally, | long-established brands were the most popular. 3 In recent times, | there have been global changes. 4 Now, | more and more Asian brands are appearing in American shops. 5 Nowadays, | France is the top destination for wealthy Chinese shoppers.

6 In the future, | Asian brands may be as popular as Western ones. 7 Twenty years ago, | nobody would have expected these developments. 8 Twenty years from now, | the situation may have changed beyond recognition.

Unit 3 1 1 Commitment 2 competition 3 expression 4 Manager 5 personality 6 qualifications 7 requirement 8 internship 9 applications 10 impressive 4 1 Can you tell me something about your previous experience? 2 I’d like to know whether you’d be prepared to work overtime. 3 Could you tell me what your greatest passion is? 4 I’d be interested to know something about your computer skills. 5 Can you give me some more details about your previous job? 6 Could you say if you’d be willing to do some training? 7 I’d like to know when you’d be able to start. 8 Could you explain why you decided to leave your previous job?

Unit 4 1 1 feel 2 eight/ate 3 try 4 delay 5 right/write 6 lead 7 late 8 list 9 wait 10 fill 11 green 12 limit 13 deal 14 raise 15 still 16 style 17 white

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18 decide 19 straight 20 street 4 Speaker 1 C Speaker 2 A Speaker 3 D Speaker 4 B 5 1 OK ↓ 2 OK ↑ 3 OK ↓ 4 OK ↑

Unit 5 1 With the orders packed, / they are ready to leave the warehouse / and begin the next stage in the process / – delivery to the customer. / Delivery can be undertaken by the postal service / or by courier companies. / Frequently, / customers are able to track the progress of their package online. / Consumers enjoy the convenience of having goods delivered to their homes. / Of course, / customers are not always at home to receive their package. / One solution is to use these: / they are called collection lockers. / Packages can be left inside / and the customer can pick them up at any time / by entering a PIN number. / The logistics that e-commerce relies upon / are developing all the time. / In the future, / we may see some changes in the way our online shopping is delivered. This robot / has been designed to deliver packages. / Customers can arrange to collect their goods from the robot / via a mobile app. / Some companies / are also considering using drones to transport goods to customers. 3 1 Logistics can be defined as the business of transporting things to the place where they’re needed. 2 The advertisement’s been viewed 85 million times. 3 A self-driving lorry’s already been designed. 4 Drivers’ll be given new tasks. 5 The driver’ll be able to get out of the truck and rest while it’s unloaded and loaded. 6 Drivers aren’t going to be made completely redundant. 7 This robot’s been designed to deliver packages. 8 When the orders have been packed, they’re delivered to the customer.

4 The advertisement with the splits stunt was made to demonstrate the effectiveness of the steering system. 2 Self-driving systems for lorries and buses have been developed. 3 Drivers aren’t going to be made completely redundant. 4 This robot’s been designed to deliver packages. 5 Experiments are being conducted with drones. 6 When the orders have been packed, they’re delivered to the customer. 7 Goods can be collected from the robot via a mobile app. 8 Logistics can be defined as the business of transporting things to the place where they’re needed.

Unit 6 1 1 at the top_of the building 2 linked_in to the system 3 it lasts_a week_or two 4 this is the fourth_attempt 5 do you feel_OK? 6 more than seven_hours later 7 set_off _an_alarm 8 watch_all the programmes 3 1 Under what circumstances would you start_a business? 2 What would be the right kind_of business for you? 3 What_are the three biggest_attractions and_disadvantages_of running your_own business? 4 The amount_of business done_over_a period_of time_is called turnover. 5 Demand_is the need_or desire that people have for particular goods_and services. 6 What_are some_of the difficulties_of the fast growth_of_a start-up like Fairphone? 7 A business angel_is someone who gives_a business money, often_in_exchange for_a share of the company. 8 What types_of consumers might be interested_in buying your products_or services? 9 The company reduces_its impact_on the environment by recycling minerals. 10 Which_of the business_ideas would you invest_in?

Answer key

5 1 This morning | I’d like to give you a quick update on the progress we’ve made so far. 2 If you look at this bar chart, | you can see how the markets compare. 3 These figures | give a clear indication of how sales have grown. 4 On this slide | you can see a summary of what I’ve told you so far. 5 Next, | let’s move on to customer age demographics. 6 What’s especially interesting in this chart | is the left-hand column. 7 I’d like to finish | by showing you a forecast for the next six months. 8 If you have any questions, | I’ll be very happy to answer them.

2 If the W group can’t reach a W decision, the W person responsible has S to W make one. 3 Deadlines can S be moved around, but only if they really have S to W be. 4 I think once decisions have W been W made, you should respect them W, even if you don’t agree with them W. 5 It’s good to W reach a W consensus if you W can S, but it isn’t always possible. 6 If you W want to W be perceived as W competent, you W should respect deadlines. 7 Decisiveness is even more important than W consensus. 8 You W should act as W a W group, even if there W are W disagreements in the W group.

Unit 7

1 1t 2 glottal stop 3t 4 glottal stop 5 glottal stop 6t 7 glottal stop 8 glottal stop

1 1 Things were going well in 2007, which is when Pawel moved to the States. 2 But he’d only been there a year when the economic crisis happened. 3 It was the first time he’d lived abroad, and he immediately noticed lots of small differences. 4 When he was talking to people, he realised that communication was much faster. 5 While he was walking to the office, he saw sidewalks that suddenly ended in the middle of nowhere. 6 He’d never seen anything like that before, so he was pretty surprised. 7 He hadn’t worked for a global corporation before, and he found the style of communication rather different. 8 Because he hadn’t been to the States before, he wasn’t used to distances being measured in minutes. 3 1 As for me 2 I think the process is important 3 but not as important as the result 4 if the group can’t reach a decision 5 the person responsible has to make one 6 deadlines can be moved around 7 but only if they really have to be 8 I think once decisions have been made 9 you should respect them 10 even if you don’t agree with them 4 1 As S for W me, I think the W process is S important, yes, but not as W important as W the W result.

Unit 8

2 1 Just got a taste of what it’s like to be in charge. 2 To what extent is it entertainment and to what extent is it educational? 3 A good manager knows when to delegate jobs. 4 The new manager is finding it hard to win his staff’s respect. 5 Making tough decisions is an essential part of leadership. 6 Staff aren’t going to trust you if you don’t care about what they think. 7 I’m not sure you’re right this time. 8 In what ways can a manager set an example for the team? 3 1 The meeting, which was scheduled to start at 10 o’clock, was delayed by half an hour. 2 The room where the meeting was due to be held hadn’t been cleaned or prepared. 3 We need staff who can adapt to changing circumstances. 4 My friend and colleague, who works in the next office, is away on a training course. 5 One of the managers, who has worked here for over 30 years, is retiring next month. 6 Is it possible for people who have a fixed mindset to change it how they think?

Answer key

7 Abbie Smith, who works at Chicago Booth Business School, has looked at the benefits for companies that appoint ‘frugal’ executives. 8 Entrepreneurs, who are less afraid of risks than managers, are better at taking ‘hot’ decisions. 9 What are the five key elements which are required to develop neuroleadership skills? 10 A new book, which has the title Neuroscience for Leadership, points out the need for years of practice, reflection and feedback.

Workbook audioscript

[Audio 2.01] It’s not often that I am invited to give a talk on the radio, so I am delighted to be here. So, I’ve been asked to talk about how I started my business and how my knitwear became the well-known, topselling brand, Woolly. The logo is, of course, a sheep. Having said that, the business has expanded since it was named and the brand has grown to include tops made from cotton, merino wool, cashmere and silk, so they’re for all seasons, not just winter. I began to knit and design sweaters (jumpers) for myself, when I was about thirteen. I used to buy cheap balls of wool in the sales, and then made them into colourful jumpers. They were all original, and still are today. Friends wanted to buy them, so when I left school I went into the business of producing jumpers which were all original and handmade. I sold them in local boutiques and soon I had a good client base. I couldn’t believe that my tops were so popular. The jumpers sold themselves because each one is original. I had to employ other people to help knit them and soon there were twenty working for me and we were selling them all over the country. I decided that if my business was to expand further, I needed to learn business skills, so I enrolled on a course. After that I became more confident and decided to approach a well-known actress to become the face of my brand. She wore my tops in her TV series and so I had product placement, just like that. It’s great publicity! Sales increased dramatically and I had to take on more staff. I was tempted to stop handknitting the jumpers, but realised that this wasn’t a good idea as they would no longer be unique. People wanted one-off original handmade sweaters and that’s what I gave them. Of course, this made the garments very expensive, but there was certainly a demand for them. Luxury items are always costly. I was selling the garments in the States and the UK, but soon I was getting queries and requests for specific designs from customers in France, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark. Here we had real customer engagement, which is not something I had considered before. Many clients have since written to say that they never buy any other tops but mine. That was very encouraging, and it was then I realised that brand loyalty is really very important. What surprised me was that clients would be happy to order tops well in advance, so that their orders would be ready as the season arrived. At the moment, I’m trying to venture into Asian markets. I am taking a cautious approach because I need to have my catalogues translated into

languages such as Urdu, Hindi, Thai, Mandarin and Japanese. We’re looking into a software package that will take care of it. I have to find reliable translators and interpreters for my marketing team, too. It would be easier to employ local people, really, but how do I source them? I’m planning to retire in a few years’ time so that’s something to concentrate on. I have loyal staff who can run the business for me, and I hope to retire somewhere nice and cool where I can wear my woolly jumpers and knit just for fun!

[Audio 5.01] Good morning. I’m reporting from Cambridge in the UK, where an exciting event is taking place. Amazon UK is attempting its first drone customer delivery. The first ever delivery is low-key. The only person around is the customer themselves.

[Audio 5.02] Good morning. I’m reporting from Cambridge in the UK, where an exciting event is taking place. Amazon UK is attempting its first drone customer delivery. The first ever delivery is low-key. The only person around is the customer themselves. The drone delivery is happening in the countryside. The package has just been dropped off carefully and the drone has taken off again. Let’s think for a moment about how the drone got here. The customer ordered their goods online and selected Prime Air delivery service. If you live within 7 miles – or 11 kilometres – of an Amazon fulfilment centre and your order doesn’t weigh too much, you may be eligible to have goods delivered to your front garden by drone. The order was then processed by Amazon. The goods were then selected at the centre, packaged and transferred to the dispatch section where they are taken on by the drone. The customer provides the all-clear to land to Amazon. The drone is then dispatched. Currently drones must fly under a height of 122 metres. That means that unless a drone was flying over an airport when a plane was taking off or landing, there wouldn’t be threat of collision. That’s reassuring, as there have been concerns about what impacts drones will have on air traffic control if they fly close to airports. The drone completes its delivery within the prescribed thirty-minute window, depositing the customer’s order outside the home of the customer. The order is now complete, and the drone goes back to the fulfilment centre (or distribution centre to you and me). In 2016, Amazon sold an incredible 600 items a second. Think about how many drones would’ve

Workbook audioscript

been needed to ship items. Multiple orders can be made by customers, of course, and as long as the weight limit is not exceeded, they can be dispatched via a single drone. Some might say that could cause a safety risk. Well, the first drone to deliver a package to an Amazon customer carried a bag of popcorn and an Amazon Fire TV stick. Customers who subscribe to Amazon Prime Air can choose from numerous items to be delivered by drone, all part of the service. Of course, a drone can only carry packages that weigh up to 2.6 kilograms so you couldn’t buy a desk and have it delivered by drone, at least for the moment. Who knows what the future might bring!

[Audio 6.1] I = Interviewer L = Linda I: I’d like to welcome Linda Gass to our programme today. You may have heard of her; she is one of our up-and-coming young entrepreneurs. Linda is the CEO of Ensign, a young company specialising in marine waste management. Her partner, Tina, who is an engineer, is the brains behind a new clean-up system for the world’s seas. Welcome to the programme, Linda. L: Thank you! I: To begin with, Linda, perhaps you can tell us how this all started. L: Sure, I’d be delighted to. I’ve always been fascinated by the sea and marine life and school biology lessons reinforced that, so I decided that I wanted to become a marine biologist. I: And so you did! L: Yes, but I took a year off to volunteer on a Greek island, protecting loggerhead turtles. I: So was it this experience that made you want to clean up the water? L: Yes, that’s right. Tourism and fishing pollution create huge problems for marine life. I: But you didn’t do anything immediately? L: No. I didn’t have the knowledge that was needed to build a system that could rid the sea of plastic. Luckily, when I was in university, I met Tina and she had the engineering knowledge that I lacked. We hit it off as soon as we met and became great friends. We encouraged each other to do our practical projects for our courses. We both got first-class honours degrees and then moved in together to do our master’s degrees. I: And you did yours in Business Studies and Marketing, I believe. L: That’s right. That’s helped a lot, especially when we needed funding to build the system that Tina designed. I: And how did you raise the money?

L: Well, to begin with, we tried academic institutions, but they just weren’t interested. So, Tina had been reading about crowdfunding and suggested we try it. In the beginning, I said that it wasn’t a good idea. I wanted our work to be recognised by professors and other academics. I knew that we could help the world’s seas and oceans, but they said that our idea wouldn’t work. I: And they were wrong! L: Yes. We advertised for funds on social media sites and persuaded reputable journalists to write about our work. We set up Ensign and haven’t looked back. We have a wonderful business angel, Ms Carlin, who has ploughed funds into our work and found us new backers, so now we’re going from strength to strength with several new projects in the pipeline. I: And how long have you been in this business? L: Only two years in fact, although it seems more like ten because of all the experience we’ve had. I can’t believe how lucky we’ve been. We’re making a profit and enough money to pay ourselves good salaries. I: Are you the only employees in Ensign? L: Well, we were to start with, when we set up, but now we have a PA and an engineering assistant for Tina. We outsource other tasks. We don’t employ someone to do our accounts, for example. I: And you find that works? L: So far but, of course, I think that soon we will need one on a full-time basis. I: How about the marketing? Do you do that alone? L: No. Tina and I both have a hand in that and so does Ms Carlin. She’s full of innovative ideas. I: Well, it was very interesting talking to you Linda and I look forward to hearing about your next project. L: Thank you.

[Audio 8.1] In today’s training session, we’re going to look at three different types of leader – how they work, their strengths and weaknesses, and the areas or business in which they are most successful. The first type of leader, commonly known as the authoritarian or autocratic leader, believes in a hierarchical structure where decisions are passed down from senior management to the rest of the staff .They are performance-focused, that is they put the company’s performance before other considerations such as staff morale or career development. They don’t regard other people’s feelings as important and do not show emotion. They tend to distance themselves from their staff

Workbook audioscript

and are usually seen only when giving presentations or on important social occasions. In some companies this kind of leader may be valued for being cool under pressure and able to make tough decisions and make them quickly. They are also valued for achieving targets and being highly profitable. This type of leadership tends to work best in areas such as production which involves manual or automated labour where there is less face-to-face contact. In more extreme cases, this type of leader may have a very low level of empathy and make decisions that damage the morale of the company and lead to long-term dissatisfaction even though short-term aims are achieved. Next, we have the democratic leader. They enjoy open communication and sharing responsibility. They also enjoy risk-taking and thinking of new and perhaps radical solutions. They give their staff freedom to work in a way that best suits them but at the same time they will take responsibility and make the final decision. They are happy to mentor less experienced team members and believe that training and long-term career development is important. They have a high level of empathy and do show their emotions. When a project is successful, they are happy to share the credit with their team and recognise and reward the performance of talented team members. They are not as focused on profit-oriented performance as autocratic leaders and may not be as highly valued by a company because they may not meet their targets and deadlines as reliably. However, the quality of what they produce tends to be higher than that produced under autocratic leadership. They are generally more successful in flat company structures, working in creative areas such as product development and design. At the other end of the scale, there are the leaders who delegate responsibility and pass on decision making to their team members, the delegative leader. They provide helpful guidance to team members if they request it and they will make sure that the team has all the resources that they need to do the job. This kind of leadership tends to work best when the team members are highly skilled, highly motivated and mature enough to take responsibility for their actions, for example technicians in a research laboratory. It tends to work less well when team members are less experienced and need the support of someone more experienced. In these cases, a delegative style may lead to poor motivation and lack of direction.

[Audio 8.2] OK. Let’s move on to the next part of this session. I would like you to imagine this situation at work. The manager of a medium-sized department in a large company receives a memo from headquarters saying their office has to downsize and reduce staff numbers from 30 to 25, which means firing five people. Now, thinking about the description of the three types of leader we looked at in the first session, what would each type of leader do? Let’s listen and find out. Speaker 1 I would ask everyone to attend a meeting and explain the situation. I’d ask everyone to express their opinion and to suggest some creative solutions. I would ask them whether they would consider the idea of job sharing – two people doing one job. I think an open and direct discussion should be encouraged and would take their ideas on board. I would weigh up the pros and cons after the meeting and then let them know my decision. Speaker 2 I would send an email to everyone explaining the situation. I would ask the team to organise a meeting to discuss what they want to do and then let me know. I would then pass their request on to the Human Resources department. If Human Resources did not accept the team’s suggestion, I would ask the team to meet again and come up with another proposal. Speaker 3 I would check the performance records of the whole team and choose the five people I think are underperformers. I would pass the list on to the Human Resources department and ask them to send the five people a letter saying that their employment will be terminated at the end of the legally required period of one month.

Workbook audioscript

1.1 Word stress [Audio P.1.1] 1 audit, finance, payroll 2 glamorous, invoicing, quality 3 ensure, event, supply 4 financial, promotion, recruitment 5 environment, immediate, priorities

[Audio P.1.2] employee image imagine interesting manages manufacturing organisation responsibilities satisfaction supervisor

1.3 Intonation and politeness [Audio P.1.3] 1 Which countries have you worked in? 2 Did you have a good journey? 3 Are you going to the conference? 4 How’s business at the moment? 5 Which hotel are you staying in? 6 What are your plans for tomorrow? 7 What time do you have to leave? 8 Have you got any questions? 9 Is there anything I can help you with? 10 Will you be at the meeting next week?

2.1 Stress in compound nouns [Audio P.2.1] 1 bank account, customer loyalty, plane ticket 2 client management, email account, loyalty card 3 brand loyalty, business card, hotel booking 4 advertising brochure, customer satisfaction, marketing campaign 5 credit card, customer services, luxury industry 6 booking system, business plan, key customer 7 bank statement, business model, online shopping 8 debit card, jewellery company, mobile broadband

2.2 Connectors: intonation and pausing [Audio P.2.2] 1 Originally, … 2 Traditionally, … 3 In recent times, … 4 Now, … 5 Nowadays, … 6 In the future, … 7 Twenty years ago, … 8 Twenty years from now, …

[Audio P.2.3] 1 Originally, the global luxury industry moved only from west to east. 2 Traditionally, long-established brands were the most popular. 3 In recent times, there have been global changes. 4 Now, more and more Asian brands are appearing in American shops. 5 Nowadays, France is the top destination for wealthy Chinese shoppers. 6 In the future, Asian brands may be as popular as Western ones. 7 Twenty years ago, nobody would have expected these developments. 8 Twenty years from now, the situation may have changed beyond recognition.

3.1 Stress in derived words [Audio P.3.1] 1 Commitment is a so-called soft skill. 2 Job-seekers face a lot of competition. 3 What does the expression ‘come across well’ mean? 4 We’re looking for a Key Account Manager. 5 How would you describe your personality? 6 Would you apply for a job if you didn’t have the necessary qualifications? 7 Willingness to travel is a key requirement. 8 Have you ever applied for an internship? 9 I’ve written five job applications this week. 10 Her résumé is impressive.

Workbook audioscript

3.2 Voice range and intonation in indirect questions [Audio P.3.2] 1 Can you tell me something about your previous experience? 2 I’d like to know whether you’d be prepared to work overtime. 3 Could you tell me what your greatest passion is? 4 I’d be interested to know something about your computer skills. 5 Can you give me some more details about your previous job? 6 Could you say if you’d be willing to do some training? 7 I’d like to know when you’d be able to start? 8 Could you explain why you decided to leave your previous job?

4.3 /iː/, /ɪ/, /eɪ/ and /aɪ/ [Audio P.4.1] 1 feel 2 eight 3 try 4 delay 5 right 6 lead 7 late 8 list 9 wait 10 fill 11 green 12 limit 13 deal 14 raise 15 still 16 style 17 white 18 decide 19 straight 20 street

4.4 Intonation in ‘OK’ [Audio P.4.2] 1 [showing that you understand and agree – fall– rise intonation] OK 2 [falling intonation at end – trying to get people’s attention] OK 3 [showing that you understand what someone says but you don’t necessarily agree – slow, long drawnout fall–rise] OK 4 [rising intonation at the end – asking someone to agree with you] OK?

[Audio P.4.3] 1 [falling intonation at end – trying to get people’s attention] OK, can I have everyone’s attention, please? 2 [rising intonation at the end – asking someone to agree with you] I think it’s time for a break. OK? 3 [showing that you understand and agree – fall– rise intonation] OK, that’s fine by me. 4 [showing that you understand what someone says but you don’t necessarily agree – slow, long drawnout fall–rise] OK, I see what you mean, but I’m not sure I really agree. 5 [showing that you understand and agree – fall– rise intonation] OK, that’s perfect. 6 [falling intonation at end – trying to get people’s attention] OK, let’s get down to business. 7 [showing that you understand what someone says but you don’t necessarily agree – slow, long drawnout fall–rise] OK, I’ll need to think about that. 8 [rising intonation at the end – asking someone to agree with you] Let’s meet at two o’clock, OK?

Workbook audioscript

5.2 Auxiliary verbs in passives [Audio P.5.2] 1 Logistics can be defined as the business of transporting things to the place where they’re needed. 2 The advertisement’s been viewed 85 million times. 3 A self-driving lorry’s already been designed. 4 Drivers‘ll be given new tasks. 5 The driver’ll be able to get out of the truck and rest while it’s unloaded and loaded. 6 Drivers aren’t going to be made completely redundant. 7 This robot’s been designed to deliver packages. 8 When the orders have been packed, they’re delivered to the customer.

[Audio P.5.3] 1 The advertisement with the splits stunt was made to demonstrate the effectiveness of the steering system. 2 Self-driving systems for lorries and buses have been developed. 3 Drivers aren’t going to be made completely redundant. 4 This robot’s been designed to deliver packages. 5 Experiments are being conducted with drones. 6 When the orders have been packed, they’re delivered to the customer. 7 Goods can be collected from the robot via a mobile app. 8 Logistics can be defined as the business of transporting things to the place where they’re needed.

6.1 Consonant–vowel linking [Audio P.6.1] 1 at the top_of the building 2 linked_in to the system 3 it lasts_a week_or two 4 this is the fourth_attempt 5 do you feel_OK? 6 more than seven_hours later 7 set_off_an_alarm 8 watch_all the programmes

[Audio P.6.2] 1 Under what circumstances would you start_a business? 2 What would be the right kind_of business for you? 3 What_are the three biggest_attractions and disadvantages_of running your_own business? 4 The amount_of business done_over_a period_of time_is called turnover. 5 Demand_is the need_or desire that people have for particular goods_and services. 6 What_are some_of the difficulties_of the fast growth_of a start-up like Fairphone? 7 A business angel_is someone who gives_a business money, often_in exchange for_a share of the company. 8 What types_of consumers might be interested_in buying your products_or services? 9 The company reduces_its impact on the environment by recycling minerals. 10 Which_of the business_ideas would you invest_in?

6.4 Intonation and discourse marking in presentations [Audio P.6.3] 1 This morning, | I’d like to give you a quick update on the progress we’ve made so far. 2 If you look at this bar chart, | you can see how the markets compare. 3 These figures | give a clear indication of how sales have grown. 4 On this slide | you can see a summary of what I’ve told you so far.

Workbook audioscript

5 Next, | let’s move on to customer age demographics. 6 What’s especially interesting in this chart | is the left-hand column. 7 I’d like to finish | by showing you a forecast for the next six months. 8 If you have any questions, | I’ll be very happy to answer them.

7.2 Phrasing and intonation in past sentences [Audio P.7.1] 1 Things were going well in 2007, which is when Pawel moved to the States. 2 But he’d only been there a year when the economic crisis happened. 3 It was the first time he’d lived abroad, and he immediately noticed lots of small differences. 4 When he was talking to people, he realised that communication was much faster. 5 While he was walking to the office, he saw sidewalks that suddenly ended in the middle of nowhere. 6 He’d never seen anything like that before, so he was pretty surprised. 7 He hadn’t worked for a global corporation before, and he found the style of communication rather different. 8 Because he hadn’t been to the States before, he wasn’t used to distances being measured in minutes.

7.3 Strong or weak? [Audio P.7.2] 1 As for me 2 I think the process is important 3 but not as important as the result 4 If the group can’t reach a decision 5 the person responsible has to make one 6 Deadlines can be moved around 7 but only if they really have to be 8 I think once decisions have been made 9 you should respect them 10 even if you don’t agree with them

[Audio P.7.3] 1 As for me, I think the process is important, yes, but not as important as the result. 2 If the group can’t reach a decision, the person responsible has to make one. 3 Deadlines can be moved around, but only if they really have to be. 4 I think once decisions have been made, you should respect them, even if you don’t agree with them. 5 It’s good to reach a consensus if you can, but it isn’t always possible. 6 If you want to be perceived as competent, you should respect deadlines. 7 Decisiveness is even more important than consensus. 8 You should act as a group, even if there are disagreements in the group.

8.1 Glottal stops [Audio P.8.1] 1 I can’t understand. (t) 2 I’ve got to go. (glottal stop) 3 I’ve got an idea. (t) 4 What are you wearing? (glottal stop) 5 There’s a lot going on. (glottal stop) 6 Sit on the floor. (t) 7 Wait for me. (glottal stop) 8 Let me help. (glottal stop)

[Audio P.8.2] 1 Just got a taste of what it’s like to be in charge. 2 To what extent is it entertainment and to what extent is it educational? 3 A good manager knows when to delegate jobs. 4 The new manager is finding it hard to win his staff’s respect. 5 Making tough decisions is an essential part of leadership. 6 Staff aren’t going to trust you if you don’t care what they think. 7 I’m not sure you’re right this time. 8 In what ways can a manager set an example for the team?

Workbook audioscript

8.2 Phrasing and intonation in relative clauses [Audio P.8.3] 1 The meeting, which was scheduled to start at 10 o’clock, was delayed by half an hour. 2 The room where the meeting was due to be held hadn’t been cleaned and prepared. 3 We need staff who can adapt to changing circumstances. 4 My friend and colleague, who works in the next office, is away on a training course. 5 One of the managers, who has worked here for over 30 years, is retiring next month. 6 Is it possible for people who have a fixed mindset to change how they think? 7 Abbie Smith, who works at Chicago Booth Business School, has looked at the benefits for companies that appoint ‘frugal’ executives. 8 Entrepreneurs, who are less afraid of risks than managers, are better at taking ‘hot’ decisions. 9 What are the five key elements which are required to develop neuroleadership skills? 10 A new book, which has the title Neuroscience for Leadership, points out the need for years of practice, reflection and feedback.