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»Public Networks

Network identifier: public_network

Vagrant public networks are less private than private networks, and the exact
meaning actually varies from provider to provider,
hence the ambiguous definition. The idea is that while
private networks should never allow the
general public access to your machine, public networks can.

Confused? We kind of are, too. It is likely that public
networks will be replaced by :bridged in a future release, since
that is in general what should be done with public networks, and providers
that do not support bridging generally do not have any other features that map
to public networks either.

Warning! Vagrant boxes are insecure by default
and by design, featuring public passwords, insecure keypairs
for SSH access, and potentially allow root access over SSH. With
these known credentials, your box is easily accessible by anyone on
your network. Before configuring Vagrant to use a public network,
consider all potential security implications
and review the default box configuration to identify potential security risks.

DHCP

The easiest way to use a public network is to allow the IP to be assigned
via DHCP. In this case, defining a public network is trivially easy:


Vagrant
.
configure(
"2"
)
 do
 |
config|
  config
.
vm.
network "public_network"
end

When DHCP is used, the IP can be determined by using vagrant ssh to
SSH into the machine and using the appropriate command line tool to find
the IP, such as ifconfig.

Using the DHCP Assigned Default Route

Some cases require the DHCP assigned default route to be untouched. In these cases one
may specify the use_dhcp_assigned_default_route option. As an example:


Vagrant
.
configure(
"2"
)
 do
 |
config|
  config
.
vm.
network "public_network"
,
    use_dhcp_assigned_default_route
:
 true
end

Static IP

Depending on your setup, you may wish to manually set the IP of your
bridged interface. To do so, add a :ip clause to the network definition.


config
.
vm.
network "public_network"
,
 ip:
 "192.168.0.17"

Default Network Interface

If more than one network interface is available on the host machine, Vagrant will
ask you to choose which interface the virtual machine should bridge to. A default
interface can be specified by adding a :bridge clause to the network definition.


config
.
vm.
network "public_network"
,
 bridge:
 "en1: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"

The string identifying the desired interface must exactly match the name of an
available interface. If it cannot be found, Vagrant will ask you to pick
from a list of available network interfaces.

With some providers, it is possible to specify a list of adapters to bridge
against:


config
.
vm.
network "public_network"
,
 bridge:
 [
  
"en1: Wi-Fi (AirPort)"
,
  
"en6: Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet Controller"
,
]

In this example, the first network adapter that exists and can successfully be
bridge will be used.

Disable Auto-Configuration

If you want to manually configure the network interface yourself, you
can disable auto-configuration by specifying auto_config:


Vagrant
.
configure(
"2"
)
 do
 |
config|
  config
.
vm.
network "public_network"
,
 auto_config:
 false
end

Then the shell provisioner can be used to configure the ip of the interface:


Vagrant
.
configure(
"2"
)
 do
 |
config|
  config
.
vm.
network "public_network"
,
 auto_config:
 false

   
  config
.
vm.
provision "shell"
,
    run
:
 "always"
,
    inline
:
 "ifconfig eth1 192.168.0.17 netmask 255.255.255.0 up"

   
  config
.
vm.
provision "shell"
,
    run
:
 "always"
,
    inline
:
 "ifconfig eth1 inet6 add fc00::17/7"
end

Default Router

Depending on your setup, you may wish to manually override the default
router configuration. This is required if you need to access the Vagrant box from
other networks over the public network. To do so, you can use a shell
provisioner script:


Vagrant
.
configure(
"2"
)
 do
 |
config|
  config
.
vm.
network "public_network"
,
 ip:
 "192.168.0.17"

   
  config
.
vm.
provision "shell"
,
    run
:
 "always"
,
    inline
:
 "route add default gw 192.168.0.1"

   
  config
.
vm.
provision "shell"
,
    run
:
 "always"
,
    inline
:
 "route -A inet6 add default gw fc00::1 eth1"

   
  config
.
vm.
provision "shell"
,
    run
:
 "always"
,
    inline
:
 "eval `route -n | awk '{ if ($8 ==\"eth0\" && $2 != \"0.0.0.0\") print \"route del default gw \" $2; }'`"
end

Or, an alternative, simpler version, assuming you get DHCP from your public network:


Vagrant
.
configure(
"2"
)
 do
 |
config|
  config
.
vm.
network "public_network"

   
  config
.
vm.
provision "shell"
,
    run
:
 "always"
,
    inline
:
 "ip route del default via 10.0.2.2 || true"
end