Cấu trúc SO THAT, SUCH THAT, ENOUGH TO, TOO TO – Lý thuyết và bài tập - Kiến Thức Tiếng Anh

Bốn cấu trúc so…that, such…that, enough…to, too…to là những cấu trúc rất thông dụng trong tiếng Anh nhằm nhấn mạnh tính chất của sự vật, hiện tượng dẫn đến một kết quả được đề cập. Trong bài viết này, Kienthuctienganh xin phép được giới thiệu những công thức liên quan đến 4 cấu trúc trên. Hi vọng bạn đọc sẽ nhận được nhiều điều bổ ích.

I. Cấu trúc so….that…. (quá … đến nỗi…)

1. Dùng với tính từ

S + be+ so + adj + that + S + V

Ví dụ:
It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything. (Trời quá tối đến nỗi tôi không thể nhìn thấy bất kỳ thứ gì.)

Ngoài ra: đối với động từ chỉ tri giác như seem, look, sound, feel,…thì ta cũng áp dụng như công thức với “be”

Ví dụ:
I felt so tired that I decided to see a doctor. (Tôi cảm thấy quá mệt đến nỗi tôi đã quyết định đi gặp bác sĩ.)

2. Dùng với trạng từ

S + V + so + adv + that + S + V

Ví dụ:
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class. (Cậu học sinh kia đã cư xử quá vô lễ đến nỗi cậu ta đã bị đuổi khỏi lớp.)

3. Dùng với danh từ số nhiều đếm được

S + V+ so many/ few + plural/ countable noun + that + S + V

Ví dụ:
The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own basketball team. (Gia đình nhà Smith đã có quá nhiều con đến nỗi họ đã thành lập một đội bóng rổ.)

4. Dùng với danh từ không đếm được

S + V + so much/ little + uncountable noun + that + S + V

Ví dụ:
He had so much money that he didn’t know what to do with it. (Anh ta có quá nhiều tiền đến nỗi anh ấy không biết làm gì với nó.)

5. Dùng với danh từ đếm được số ít

S + V + so + adj + a/ an + singular noun + that + S + V

Ví dụ:
It was so disappointing a result that we didn’t accept. (Đó là một kết quả quá thất vọng đến nỗi chúng tôi không thể chấp nhận được.)

II. Cấu trúc such…that…. (quá … đến nỗi…)

S + V + such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that + S + V

Ví dụ:
He is such a popular man that everyone knows him. (Anh ta quá nổi tiếng đến nỗi mọi người đều biết anh ấy.)

Lưu ý: Cấu trúc so…that cũng có ý nghĩa tương tự such…that nên ta cũng có thể đổi câu ví dụ trên thành:
He is so popular that everyone knows him.

III. Cấu trúc too…to… (quá … đến nỗi không thể…)

1. Dùng với tính từ

S + be + too + adj + (for O) + to_V

Ví dụ:
He is too short to play basketball. (Anh ta quá thấp đến nỗi không thể chơi bóng rổ.)

2. Dùng với trạng từ

S + V + too + adv + (for O) + to_V

Ví dụ:
They spoke too quickly for me to understand. (Họ đã nói quá nhanh đến nỗi tôi không thể hiểu được.)

IV. Cấu trúc enough…to… (đủ….để làm gì…)

1. Dùng với tính từ

S + be + adj + enough + (for O) + to_V

Ví dụ:
He isn’t tall enough to play basketball. (Anh ta không đủ cao để chơi bóng rổ.)

2. Dùng với trạng từ

S + V + adv + enough + (for O) + to_V

Ví dụ:
They spoke slowly enough for me to understand. (Họ đã nói đủ chậm để tôi có thể hiểu được.)

3. Dùng với danh từ

S + V + enough + noun + (for O) + to_V

Ví dụ:
I have enough time to do this exercise. (Tôi có đủ thời gian để làm bài tập này.)

V. Các lưu ý khi làm bài tập về 4 dạng cấu trúc trên

S1 + V1 + so + adj + that + S2 + V2 + O2

Nếu S1 là vật mà O2 nhắc lại vật đó và dùng với từ “it”:

Trong cấu trúc: So/ such … that, ta giữ lại từ “it”
Trong cấu trúc: Too … to; enough … to ta bỏ từ “it”.

Ví dụ:
The water was so cold that the children couldn’t swim in it.
→ It was such cold water that the children couldn’t swim in it.
→ The water was too cold for the children to swim in.
→ The water is not warm enough for the children to swim in.

VI. Bài tập

Exercise 1: Use SO or SUCH, TOO, ENOUGH:
1. The sun shone _______ brightly that she had to put on her glasses.
2. There were _________ few students registered that the class was cancelled.

3. We had _________ wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return.

4. It was ________ a nice day that we decided to go to the beach.
5. The book looked ___________ interesting that we decided to read it.
6. Ray called at _________ an early hour that we weren’t wake yet.
7. There were ____________ many people on the bus that we decided to walk.
8. The benefit was _________ great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it.
9. I’ m not rich ___________to help you.
10. This room is ___________ dark for us to study.

3. We had _________ wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return.4. It was ________ a nice day that we decided to go to the beach.5. The book looked ___________ interesting that we decided to read it.6. Ray called at _________ an early hour that we weren’t wake yet.7. There were ____________ many people on the bus that we decided to walk.8. The benefit was _________ great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it.9. I’ m not rich ___________to help you.10. This room is ___________ dark for us to study.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences as directed:
1. It was such an expensive house that nobody can buy it.
→ The house was so ________________________________________
2. The food was so good that we ate all of it.
→ It was __________________________________________________
3. The patient was too weak to get up.
→ The patient was so ________________________________________
4. This room is too dark for me to study.
→ This room is so __________________________________________
5. This room is too small for us to take the meeting

→ This room isn’t ___________________________________________
6. The test was so difficult that we couldn’t do it.
→ The test was not __________________________________________
7. The map is so old that I couldn’t read it.
→ The map is too ___________________________________________
8. He spoke so fast that we couldn’t hear him well
→ He didn’t ________________________________________________

→ This room isn’t ___________________________________________6. The test was so difficult that we couldn’t do it.→ The test was not __________________________________________7. The map is so old that I couldn’t read it.→ The map is too ___________________________________________8. He spoke so fast that we couldn’t hear him well→ He didn’t ________________________________________________

Exercise 3: Combine these pairs of sentences using “so……..that”:
1. That woman was very tall. She could almost touch the ceiling.
__________________________________________________________
2. This coat is very big. I can’t wear it.
__________________________________________________________
3. The coffee was so strong. She couldn’t go to sleep.
__________________________________________________________
4. That bag was very heavy. None of us could carry it.
__________________________________________________________
5. The stadium is very large. It can hold 60,000 people.
__________________________________________________________
6. Those lessons are very difficult. He can’t understand them.
__________________________________________________________
7. She was very busy. She couldn’t do the housework.
__________________________________________________________
8. The climate was very bad. All the plants couldn’t grow well.
__________________________________________________________
9. I’m very tired. I couldn’t keep my eyes open.
__________________________________________________________
10. That boy is very lazy. He never does his homework.
__________________________________________________________

Exercise 4: Combine these pairs of sentences using “too ….to”:
1. The bag was very heavy. She couldn’t carry it.
__________________________________________________________
2. He is very old. He can’t run.
__________________________________________________________
3. She is very young. She can’t go to school.
__________________________________________________________
4. Tom is very short. He can’t play volleyball.
__________________________________________________________
5. It’s very late. We can’t go to the movies.
__________________________________________________________
6. The question was very hard. We couldn’t answer it.
__________________________________________________________
7. The TV program is very exciting. The children won’t miss it.
__________________________________________________________
8. You’re very young. You can’t drive that car.
__________________________________________________________
9. She was tired. She didn’t go anywhere.
__________________________________________________________
10. These shoes are very small. I can’t wear them.
__________________________________________________________

Exercise 5: Combine these pairs of sentences using “such….that” :
1. Tom was a tall man. He could almost touch the ceiling.
__________________________________________________________
2. Mary is a good swimmer. She has won two gold medals.
__________________________________________________________
3. He drank strong coffee. He couldn’t go to sleep.
__________________________________________________________
4. It was a long walk. The children got tired.
__________________________________________________________
5. He told interesting stories. They all like him.
__________________________________________________________
6. The boy made rapid progress. It surprised everybody.
__________________________________________________________
7. He had a difficult exercise. He couldn’t do it.
__________________________________________________________
8. The speaker gave a long talk. Most of the audience felt sleepy.
__________________________________________________________
9. We watched an exciting competition. We didn’t want to go home.
__________________________________________________________
10. It was an excellent show. We all enjoyed it.
__________________________________________________________

Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences using “enough” instead of “too….to”:
1. He is too old to wear this colored shirt.
__________________________________________________________
2. She is too weak to carry this box.
__________________________________________________________
3. This pen is too expensive for me to buy.
__________________________________________________________
4. Bill was too stupid to understand what I had said.
__________________________________________________________
5. This bag is too heavy for her to carry.
__________________________________________________________
6. The test was too difficult for them to do.
__________________________________________________________
7. I’m too poor to help you with the money.
__________________________________________________________
8. This book is too dull to read.
__________________________________________________________
9. The room is too dark for us to study.
__________________________________________________________
10. The shelf is too high for her to reach.
__________________________________________________________