3.6 trích dần ví dụ về sản phẩm dịch vụ thương mai

the Workplace
Tiếng Anh Viết tại nơi làm việc
Citing Examples of
Product/ServiceCommercialization
Trích dẫn ví dụ về sản phẩm / dịch vụ Thương mại
Kha Thái Đức
Đại học Lạc Hồng, Giám đốc Trung tâm viết báo khoa học bằng tiếng anh
柯泰德線上英文論文編修訓練服務
http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

nhân
Kha Thái Đức (Ted Knoy) đã dạy viết tiếng Anh kỹ
thuật trong các trường đại học ở Đài Loan hơn hai
mươi năm. Ông là tác giả của mười bốn cuốn sách
về viết tiếng Anh kỹ thuật và chuyên nghiệp. Ông đã
thành lập một trung tâm viết tiếng Anh tại trường đại
học Y Yuanpei đồng thời cũng là giảng viên toàn
thời gian tại trường. Ông đã chỉnh sửa trên 55,000
bài viết cho việc đăng báo nghiên cứu khoa học từ
năm 1989. Ông là cũng nhà biên tập tiếng anh cho
một số tạp chí về khoa học, kỹ thuật và y học của
Đài Loan.

dụ về sản phẩm /
dịch vụ Thương mại
1. Introduce the main emphases of a sector or industry.
Giới thiệu những trọng tâm chính của một khu vực hoặc ngành
công nghiệp.
2. Cite specific applications, including examples of commercialization.
Trích dẫn các ứng dụng cụ thể, bao gồm các ví dụ về thương mại
hóa.
3. Describe the mid-term or long term benefits of such
commercialization to a particular field of technology.
Mô tả những lợi ích trung hạn và dài hạn của thương mại hóa như
vậy cho một lĩnh vực cụ thể của công nghệ.
4. Describe the mid-term or long term benefits of such
commercialization for practical purposes.
Mô tả những lợi ích trung hạn và dài hạn của thương mại hóa như
vậy cho các mục đích thực tế.

main emphases
of a sector or industry.
Giới thiệu những trọng tâm
chính của một khu vực hoặc
ngành công nghiệp.

global biotechnology industry has
recently switched its focus to developing
biochips. The Taiwanese government has
aggressively pursued a biotechnology
development strategy since 1998, with
domestic output valued at $500 US million
in 2002.

continuous development of
nanotechnologies in Taiwan has led to the
discovery of physical and chemical
properties of certain compounds and
elements. The properties of nanometer
materials play a significant role in metals
and semiconductors of nano colloid
particles used in optics and photo
electronics.

devote a significant amount of
their annual operating budgets to
upgrading information network capacity
through the purchase of advanced
hardware and software. Adopting the
latest information technologies can
greatly enhance a hospital’s administrative
and managerial capabilities.

applications,
including examples of
commercialization.
Trích dẫn các ứng dụng cụ
thể, bao gồm các ví dụ về
thương mại hóa.

clinical purposes, biotechnology also provides an
efficient and accurate means of diagnosing illnesses
while, simultaneously, conserving a tremendous amount
of personnel and material resources. Besides DNA,
receptor of a protein and cellular medicines can be
placed in biochips. Biochips can also reduce much time
in clinical examination. For instance, biochip
development can monitor various functions of medicines,
including gene induction, cytoxicity and genotoxicity,
leading to a change of pathology and reduced treatment
time in diagnosing diseases.

particles can be used to modify the chemical
composition on the surface of a metal with nucleic acid
to form nano particles of nucleic acid. A biochip can
subsequently be developed using conventional flat
scanner read signals. This biochip system can detect
signals to make a single DNA match for use in
conjugated phosphor materials under microscopic
detection. The Industrial Technology Research Institute
has already achieved a gold nano particle through the
use of a compound technique based on semiconductor
nano particles (CdS and CdSe), CdSe nanorods and
magnetism nano particles (ion oxide).

the encouragement of Taiwan’s National Health
Insurance Bureau, many hospitals incorporate a medical
information system (MIS) in daily operations to increase
the efficiency of physicians in examining patients,
diagnosing their illnesses and prescribing therapeutic
treatment. However, most MISs consist of many smaller
systems that are not integrated with each other. With
national development strategies heavily focused on the
output value on the island’s medical sector, the
Taiwanese government is developing a medical health
care scheme that, in addition to closely inspecting the
health services of domestic medical institutions, aims to
devise and implement a nationwide health information
system by 2003.

mid-term or long term
benefits of such commercialization to a
particular field of technology.
Mô tả những lợi ích trung hạn và dài hạn
của thương mại hóa như vậy cho một lĩnh
vực cụ thể của công nghệ.

advances in 2000 regarding
mapping of the human gene, the
importance of biochip is even more
imperative given its ability to combine
three conventional steps of medical
science: treating samples, responding to
chemical reactions and examining results
through assaying. In clinical practice,
biochip technology can be extensively
adopted in medical diagnosis and

organic modification of nano
particles makes possible the further
combination of -NH2 and –COOH
functional groups with bio-substances.
Specifically, gold nano particles in a
nucleic acid probe can be used to detect
biochips for use in the scanner reading of
signals. Already, gold nano-particles
labeled as nucleic acid probe can be used
in biochips for scanner reading signals

the government will orient
hospitals on how to conserve available
resources in order to avoid duplication
during medical examinations. Meanwhile,
hospitals should accelerate the
computerization of information-based
needs in daily operations, subsequently
creating an island wide information
network for health institutions to exchange
data and form closer collaborative ties.

mid-term or long term
benefits of such commercialization for
practical purposes.
Mô tả những lợi ích trung hạn và dài hạn
của thương mại hóa như vậy cho các mục
đích thực tế.

importantly, biochip technology will
enable humans to more thoroughly
understand the origins of life, heredity and
evolution of human diseases, along with
their diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
In the near future, biochip technology will
lead to the development of a gene
database containing genetic information of
individuals in a chip form to facilitate the
diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

nanoparticle technology can
be adopted to increase the accuracy in
detecting single nucleic acid variations
that lead to genetic diseases.

active involvement of information
technology vendors in the Six Year
National Development Strategy will
facilitate market expansion of Taiwan’s
medical sector owing to its assistance in
incorporating MISs into local hospitals,
subsequently increasing their
administrative efficiency and ability to
provide quality medical care.

dụ về sản phẩm /
dịch vụ Thương mại: Ví dụ 1
Electronic commerce is a booming sector, as evidenced by its increasing impact on industry. As
various business strategy models for electronic commerce have emerged, an increasing number of
academics have advocated the extension of the concept of customer value to Internet-based
commercial activities. As revenues from electronic commerce lag behind those of mail-order services,
the Internet must fully exploit advanced Web-based technologies to realize the market potential of
online commerce. More incentives must be provided for customers to switch their purchasing from
traditional retail outlets to the Internet. E-commerce is growing in terms of marketplace interactions
since Internet users number hundreds of millions worldwide. According to the forecasts of
eTForecasts and eMarketer, the number of Internet users between 2002 and 2006 more than
doubled, reflecting the tremendous commercial potential of the Internet. Successful e-commerce
strategies rely heavily on technological developments and market trends. Technological
developments offer a means by which business strategies are successfully implemented. Such
developments include Web design, network transmission performance and product/service
representations. Also, the success rate of transactions is important. Consumers are easily
discouraged from shopping online if any of these technical factors are neglected. Companies must
closely scrutinize their product/service strategies to ensure that they are appropriate for electronic
commerce. In this area, effective promotional concepts, product price strategy, supply chain systems
and the creation of a novel Web environment are all of high priority. Many e-business startups look for
new customers by monitoring the consumer growth rate for a particular market niche. While many
companies develop promotional campaigns to lure new customers, they often overlook customer
loyalty, which is essential for continued sales growth. In summary, many online entrepreneurs strive
to protect customer satisfaction and loyalty.

dụ về sản phẩm /
dịch vụ Thương mại: Ví dụ 2
Online auctioning emerged in the United States as a unique form of e-commerce by combining
conventional auctioning practices with advanced information technologies. The convenience of hi-
speed Internet connections facilitates Internet users’ accessing of auction websites for bidding or
selling without time and location constraints. With a seemingly unlimited number of potential
consumers constantly online, the benefits of online auctioning markedly exceed those of conventional
auctioning. Taiwan Yahoo-Kimo and Taiwan E-bay are among the most popular venues in Taiwan,
renowned for their novel marketing mechanisms and operational models. Websites that offer various
service items differ markedly from traditional commercial outlets. Online shopping does not require
face-to-face interaction or close inspection of a product on the store premises. Therefore, online
shopping heavily prioritizes security mechanisms to ensure confidential and secure commercial
interactions, website functionality and novel marketing strategies. Moreover, online shopping enables
consumers to compete with each other on a level playing field, influencing the final product price and
sales terms. Still, online shopping raises several challenges. For instance, given the lack of face-to-
face interaction, confusion occasionally arises over payment terms. After a user has purchased a
product, poor distribution is likely to delay product delivery. Additionally, a breach of confidence in
personal data, such as that found in credit card transactions, can lead to identity theft. In summary,
commercial websites must ensure secure and safe commercial transactions by reinforcing security
mechanisms that require credit card or bank account information for identification. Online auction
websites should also provide an escrow service for its customers. Once these obstacles are resolved,
online auctioneers can expand the range of products and services offered.

dụ về sản phẩm /
dịch vụ Thương mại: Ví dụ 3
To improve the living environment of the elderly, governmental
organizations and the private sector must coordinate efforts to create an
environment in which senior citizens’ living independently is the norm
rather than the exception. In so doing, numerous commercial opportunities
will arise. For instance, RUENTEX Construction Company in collaboration
with Rien Fu Newlife Company has established a senior citizens’
residential community in Tan-shui by drawing on the Japanese long term
care model to provide residents with hotel-style management. The facilities
provide high-quality comfort with 300 residential units, all of which have
already been leased out. Given population trends and enhanced living
standards, the climate for growth opportunities in the long-term care sector
in Taiwan is favorable. Identifying factors that govern the successful
operation of senior citizens’ residential communities is thus essential to
the competitiveness of businesses, explaining why governmental
authorities and industrial planners are anxious to evaluate the most
appropriate management strategies.

dụ về sản phẩm /
dịch vụ Thương mại: Ví dụ 4
With Taiwan’s unique National Health Insurance scheme and hospital
clinics’ tendency to outsource their medical information needs to
information technology vendors, appraising potential vendors is extremely
difficult, especially given the current ability of medical information systems
operators under the National Health Insurance scheme to select the most
reliable information technology supplier. 80% of all domestic hospitals
outsource at least one business task to a contracted firm. Outsourcing
intends to take advantage of human resources and the technologies of
vendors to provide quality services. Therefore, both the purchaser and
provider of outsourcing can establish a collaborative relationship that is
mutually beneficial. Since the establishment of the National Health
Insurance scheme in 1995 and the National Health Information Network
(HIN), medically oriented information technology has been extensively
adopted in clinical practice. As software is the crux of computer systems,
hospitals must overcome great challenges in selecting the most
appropriate software package to meet their needs.

dụ về sản phẩm /
dịch vụ Thương mại: Ví dụ 5
According to National Health Insurance Bureau estimates, commercial
opportunities from the development of the Electronic Healthcare Record
(EHR) in Taiwan can yield annual profits of $US 383,000,000. In an
economics study, Zhou (2004) noted that, according to IDC statistics, the
American information industry outsourced over $US 1,755,000,000 to the
medical services sector in 2001; the figure was $US 2,809,000,00 in 2005.
As evidenced by the average compound growth rate of 12.5%, outsourcing
of information systems in America’s medical services sector has increased.
Given technological advances, regardless of local or overseas investment
in the medical sector, information technology-related applications play a
profound role in the decision-making process and the operational planning
of hospitals. Managers often adopt their subjective views or apply previous
experience in decision making. However, the decision-making process
faces many uncertainties, necessitating the adoption of a scientific method
to formulate the decision-making process.

dụ về sản phẩm /
dịch vụ Thương mại: Ví dụ 6
Recent biotechnological developments in Taiwan have led to the
commercialization of biological methods in such diverse areas as a)
genetic engineering, b) cell fusion, c) bioreaction technology, incorporating
fermentation technology, enzyme technology and bioreactors, d) cell
cultures, e) gene recombination, f) embryo transplantation and g) nucleus
transplantation. More recently, the application of cell fusion and cell culture
approaches to human cell signal transduction has attracted considerable
interest. The Taiwanese biotechnology market includes many aspects of
DNA technology, which can mitigate many genetic defects to enhance
human health and provide employment opportunities. As an emerging
trend worldwide, biotechnology will provide novel medical treatment
approaches and can be used to design highly effective medical
procedures. Taiwan has many potential markets for the application of
biotechnology, including agriculture, genetically modified food and other
industrial sectors. Additionally, from a medical perspective, the demand for
biotechnology applications that prevent disease is increasing.

khảo
Knoy, T (2009) Effective Management
Communication. Taipei: Yang Chih
Publishing

be found at
www.chineseowl.idv.tw